Effectiveness of Social Model of Health

Effectiveness of Social Model of healthAnna WeiModels of HealthHealth is one of the most vital and valuable aspects of human life, as without ones health we ar unable to enjoy our day-to-day activities and have the energy to pursue physical activities. There are two well-known models of Health and indisposition that focus on divers(prenominal) aspects of health they are the Biomedical model and the Social model. This essay will discuss the relevance of the Social model in todays hostel as opposed to the Biomedical model and the effectiveness of this model in clarifying the obesity epidemic, a medical thoughtfulness that is dominating the globe and bringing with it many other illnesses that today, are some of the leading causes of death.The Biomedical model believes that biologic factors are the main cause of unsoundness (Browne, 2005). It has been the main model for health care in the yesteryear century, ascribable to its assistance in the disc all overy of countless medica l advancements as it was able to return the amount of infectious unhealthinesss such as tuberculosis (Borrell-Carrio, Suchman Epstein, 2004). This framework is based on the concept of health as being without disease and focuses on decision cures that will successfully eliminate the biologic factors that caused the illness (Cleland Cotton, 2011). Although the Biomedical model has been valuable in the discovery of many techniques to successfully treat numerous diseases, it is no longer the dominating model of health in todays golf-club. This model has been scrutinised for being too narrow-minded resulting in its inability to analyse different forms of sickness (Borrell-Carrio et al., 2004 Cockerham, 2007).Over the years, there have been massive health reforms, from infectious diseases such as puerperal fever, gonorrhoea, malaria and scurvy to the dominating chronic illnesses that affect rescript today such as obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes (Tulchinsky Varaviko va, 2000). The transition from infectious to chronic illnesses indicates that as time changes, strategies that have previously worked may not be as effective as they had once been. Hence, the brotherly models were introduced.A psychiatrist named George Engel prototypal proposed the Social model, as he wanted to put a dispel to the dehumanisation of the practice of medicine, and to give patients the power over their own health (Borrell-Carrio et al., 2004). Engel believed, that the affable and physiological aspects of an individual played an important role in similitude to the illness procedure and hence, this model acts as an aid, to guide us through the numerous levels of organisation that affect diseases, ranging from the social aspects to factors at the molecular level (Alonso, 2004 Borrell-Carrio et al., 2004). Since Engel first proposed this model, there have been many variations of this model created such as the Dahlgren and Whiteheads model of health and the WHO social d eterminants of health framework.Social models place a strong emphasis on not only the biological aspects of disease and also the social and the psychological aspects of sickness, whereas, the Biomedical model is built scantily about the evidence and the symptoms of the disease of interest (Brown, 2005 Cleland Cotton, 2011). Hence, Social models of health have become more relevant over the support 150 years because of the changing society. As time passed, infectious diseases were no longer the major problem, with the problem now lying within the degenerative diseases such as crabmeat and heart disease present in todays society (Cleland Cotton, 2011). Therefore, the Biomedical model is no longer relevant as the development of these non-communicable diseases is multi-factorial and hence is not due to straightforward biological causes, nor can they be cured easily (Cleland Cotton, 2011). For people in society today, the experience of suffering from a disease is not just about th e biochemical processes behind it, but also about how the patients identify with this disease in terms of the things they are able to or unable to do, their emotions and the unmet requirements as a result of this disease (Jackson, Antonucci Brown, 2003). Hence, Social models are more widely accepted and relevant in society, as it recognises the multi-factorial causes associated with diseases such as obesity.Obesity is specify as the extreme build-up of fat due to energy input being greater than energy expenditure, in technical terms, a body mass world power (BMI) of 30 or over means that the individual will be considered obese (World Health Organization WHO, 2014). The rates of obesity have been rapidly increase since the 1980s and not only the prevalence of obesity has been increasing but the incidence of diseases associated with obesity has also been increasing (Finkelstein, Ruhm Kosa, 2005). Health consequences associated with obesity are non-communicable diseases such as car diovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and other musculoskeletal diseases (WHO, 2014).The obesity epidemic is a major issue in society today and in 2008, of the 1.4 billion adults considered overweight, over 200 million males and nearly 300 million females were considered obese (WHO, 2014). In the early twentieth century, obesity was only thought to be present in ontogeny countries such as China, Thailand and Mexico and only affected those with higher socioeconomic positions in the population however, this disease has shifted to affect those of lower socioeconomic position and globally, there is now more than 10% of the worlds population of adults considered obese (Callabero, 2007 WHO, 2014).The improvement in peoples living and working conditions has resulted in society having longer life spans due to the eradication of infectious diseases (Cockerham, 2007). However, the major issue facing society today is non-communicable diseases such as strokes, heart disease and cancer which al l bowknot off obesity (Cockerham, 2007). Non-communicable diseases were originally thought to affect only the rich, but there is now an increasing trend in developing countries. If this trend continues to increase at the same pace, it is estimated by the year 2020, for every ten deaths, seven will be due to non-communicable diseases (Boutayeb, 2006). This transition from infectious diseases to chronic illnesses meant that the use of medicine became increasingly important in order to tackle these health issues and therefore, there has been little success in tackling these non-communicable diseases as the approaches they took in the past via the Biomedical model proves to be unfitting for the current situation (Cockerham, 2007).Social models have been effective in preventing this problem, as it takes into account not only the biological causes of these health conditions associated with obesity, but also social factors such as dietary intake and physical activity. An individuals lifes tyle is vital towards their health as it is a relevant social mechanism that needs to be considered when approaching these diseases (Cockerham, 2007). Over the years, the dietary intake of individuals has increased, with people consuming more sweetened beverages and bear upon meals and consuming less healthy wholesome foods such as fruits and vegetables (Callabero, 2007). Research reveals an inversely proportional relationship exists between the availability of fast food outlets and the socioeconomic posture of the individual, with individuals in lower socioeconomic areas being 2.5 times more exposed to fast food chains compared to those in higher socioeconomic areas, and this social gradient indicates that a decreasing socioeconomic status results in an increased chance of obesity (Reidpath, Burns, Garrard, Mahoney Townsend, 2002). This brings about inequality between those of low socioeconomic status and those with high socioeconomic status, further reiterating that there must be other factors apart from biological components, which bring about diseases. Physical activity has also diminish with people opting for more sedentary lifestyles, for example, it was predicted that less than 30 percent of the US population had a suitable level of exercise, another 30 percent were touch in physical activity but not enough, while the remainder had adapted to sedentary lifestyles (Callabero, 2007). It is habits such as these that has attributed to the individuals susceptibility or resistance to these illnesses (Cockerham, 2007). Only Social models of health can take into consideration of these habits as well as the social gradients shown to help us to understand their influences towards these illnesses that stem off obesity.Many complex factors are interacting with one another, causing the increase in prevalence of health conditions associated with obesity (Candib, 2007). Therefore, Social models are effective in explaining this phenomenon as it recognises the impo rtance of social factors and how they contribute to health conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Social factors such as the individuals surrounding surroundings can either reverse or increase the biological risk of diseases making the Biomedical model inadequate as it does not consider anything but the biological cause (Cockerham, 2007). An environment that has contributed hugely to this increasing prevalence is an obesogenic environment this is essentially a setting that encourages sedentary lifestyles promoting food consumption and discouraging exercise, which last leads to an increased risk of obesity (Reidpath et al., 2002). Social models are therefore efficient as it considers how we can eliminate such influences in order to reduce the multi-factorial set up associated with the obesity epidemic by combining the formerly separated characteristics of illness (Cleland Cotton, 2011 Jackson et al., 2003). It helps us to efficiently comprehend the significant contributions o f multiple factors outside the biological sense that drives the increasing prevalence of health conditions associated with obesity.To conclude, health is one of the most important aspects of human life and can be affected by factors that are not always biological components. As a result, the multidimensional Social models were created to allow a better understanding of the diseases, such as obesity, that affect our society (Borrell-Cario et al., 2004). However, because society is constantly changing there is no perfect model for health that exists and therefore we must seek new ideas that we can incorporate in our models with the hopes that it will be applicable to the changing society.Reference ListAlonso, Y. (2004). The biopsychosocial model in medical research the evolution of the health concept over the last two decades.Patient education and counseling,53(2), 239-244. doi 10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00146-0Browne, K. (2005). Health and Illness. An introduction to sociology, 3, 397-41 5. Retrieved from http//www.library.auckland.ac.nz.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/ereserves/2144315b.pdfBorrell-Carrio, F., Suchman, A. L., Epstein, R. M. (2004). The Biopsychosocial Model 25 Years Later Principles, Practice, and Scientific Inquiry. Annals of Family Medicine, 2(6), 576-582. Retrieved from http//www.annfammed.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/content/2/6/576.full.pdfBoutayeb, A. (2006). 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