What would be the Global Benefit?

The gap between the ‘haves’ and the ‘have nots’ has been growing steadily over time. The statistics are heartrending. Of the world’s adult population, 2% own greater than 50% of the world’s household wealth. Additionally, the upper 1% of the world’s adult population, as of the year 2000, owned about 40% of all the worlds’ assets. Further, 10% of the world’s richest people account for 85% of the world’s wealth. Sadly, the bottom 50% of the world’s adult population only manages 1% of the world’s wealth.These statistics can only be described as dismal (Davies, Sandstrom, Shorrocks & Wolff, 2006). According to the World Economic and Social Survey carried out in the year 2006, the growth of the world’s developing countries is dependent on domestic policies as well as the regional environment and global economic environment (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). Since it was found that developing c ountries are growing at a much less rate than their developed counterparts as far as technological advances are concerned, changes need to be made to make growth and development feasible.These developing countries are finding it difficult to come up with new activities that will strengthen the countries economy (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). Some of the changes that need to be made include the following: There is a need for macroeconomic stability with does not just mean low inflation, but includes the avoidance of fluctuations in business cycles as well as financial crises and external imbalances. This will increase investment and encourage growth within the country (Reducing International Inequality, 2006).The developing countries will also need to create new institutional reforms, guarantee property rights and create new markets. Institutional frameworks and regulations that are needful for the flourishing of markets must also be provided. The necessary public resourc es to ensure a thriving market should be put in place and rules must be fair across the board (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). Globalization has done a great job of opening up governments to the idea of a free-market. This in turn has opened up new opportunities in global trade as well as investment.With new markets comes a new potential for production to meet the demand, hence more income for the individual and the country (What is globalization? ). Globalization may help reduce the economic imbalances by renegotiating barriers that may be there in commerce, thereby establishing favorable agreements that will encourage trade in services, goods and investment. This is great for fostering foreign partnership with different corporations setting up shop in a developing country of choice bringing, employment opportunities and skills transfer to the people of the land which they can use in the future.This then increases their household wealth and raises the standards of the peo ple closing the inequality gap. Technology also has a great role to play. The internet for instance has made it possible for many people in developing countries to engage in e-commerce (What is globalization? ). This has transformed the economic lives of many people, especially computer literate youth. The advantages of information technology are vast and touch the lives of investors, consumers and businesses. People in any nation are able to learn about opportunities in a timely manner, which allows them to pursue the said opportunities faster.Additionally, the analysis of economic trends is faster. Collaboration and communication with partners in far away countries is instant and assets can be transferred at the click of a button. All these are ways that globalization opens up developing countries to opportunities all over the world and if maximized, these opportunities can lead to economic uplifting. (What is globalization? ). One cannot forget those that have no access to the in ternet though, or cannot afford it. According to the World Development Report 2007, majority of the worlds poor depend on agriculture for their livelihood.75% of the poor people in the world live in rural areas, of these 86% are dependent on agriculture (Boyne, 2007). Therefore one cannot speak of the development of wealth equality without addressing the issue of agriculture. According to this report, in order to meet the millennium development goal of reducing poverty and hunger by 50% by the year 2015 in these poor developing countries, agricultural development is a must. In order to make agriculture the mainstay of rural development it is important that the local authorities in any country make the environment suitable and supportive.Additionally, fair rules trade both nationally and internationally must be established, mitigating climatic changes as well as adopting to them and benefiting the poor (Boyne, 2007). The US being counted among the developed and richest countries in t he world is often called upon to assist or give aid to countries that are less fortunate. The money used for such funding is gained from the American tax payer. If the nations of the world were more stable due to equality in wealth distribution, it goes without saying that many of those countries would require only a fraction of the said funding or none at all.The US could then use the funds to carry out other projects or fund social programs such as welfare for those within the country that need the help. Additionally, social security funds would not be used to fund other programs leading to a deficit and fear as the baby boomers reach retirement age. More funding would go into research, fortifying the military or homeland defense, as well as many other projects that would be beneficial to the country. This would ease political tensions and bickering and allow elected officials to work without distraction.Internationally, it would enable to worlds countries to interact as equals. T he dominance asserted by the nations lending aid to poor countries would cease. This would reduce anti American sentiment in many of these poor nations. The opening of global markets is the best way to deal with the issue of unequal wealth distribution. Setting fair international trade regulations will be of great benefit towards this endeavor and agriculture, the main livelihood of the very poor, must be addressed.Benefits of this will be enormous to the US as it will enable the country to retain majority, if not all donor funds which can then be utilized for the benefits of the American people, who earned the money in the first place. References Boyne, I. (2007, October 21). Investment, Inequality Growing Globally. Global Policy Forum. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2007/1021invest. htm Davies, J. B. , Sandstrom, S. , Shorrocks, A & Wolff,E. N. (2006, December 5). The world distribution of household wealth.World Institute for Develop ment Economics Research of the United Nations University (UN-WIDER). Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2006/1206unufull. pdf Reducing international inequality – UN report. (2006, July). Global Policy Forum. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2006/0715southbulletin. htm What is globalization? Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalization101. org/What_is_Globalization. html? PHPSESSID=359a52eea34f319e3d9e49a50fe9ae0e

Starbucks 7ms

Internal According to Reza and Saudah, organization used 7Ms which are management, manpower, marketing, method, machine, material and money as company input and fully utilize these resources will improve firm’s performance. The fundamental truth that called ‘The Right’ which is the right quality, the right quantity, availability at the right time, the right place, the right costs and the right information, would eventually lead to the costs increase or decrease of the company’s profit. (Silviu Crisan, 2011) One of the 7Ms is materials, it is already known that they are indispensable for the industry activity.The material from a firm can consist a major importance, meaning they are irreplaceable. The quality of the coffee bean is the most important to have a good coffee. Once the coffee that have been freshly roasted and ground, good water and brewing equipment free of oil residues from the last brew and the quality of the coffee beans makes a huge different . Starbucks coffee beans Starbucks’ commitment is to become the highest quality coffee in the world. Starbucks take a holistic approach to ethically sourcing coffee through responsible purchasing practices, farmer loans and forest conservation programs.When Starbucks buy coffee by this way, it helps create a long term supply of the high quality beans they have been carefully blending, roasting and packing fresh for more than forty years. Starbucks ensures the quality of the beverage in taste, temperature and appearance. All coffee must meet Starbucks high quality standard. The finest coffees are always handpicked because the machines only can do a decent job of shaking ripe fruit off coffee trees, but they are not discriminating as humans. After harvesting, the coffee cherries must be processed to remove the pulpy fruit outside and retrieve the two sought after seeds inside.Coffee cherries approaching the peak of maturity Different producers use different processing protocols which can affect flavor greatly. There are three types which are dry, washed and semi washed method to process. First, in dry processing, after the outer pulp is removed mechanically, the whole cherries are sun dried for 10 days to three weeks. The coffee will tend to be fruitier, rounder, fuller bodied and more complex because the bean is in contact with the pulp longer. This type of coffee is known as unwashed or natural, such as Brazil Santos, Ethiopian Harrar or Yemen beans.An alternative method, the just harvested cherries are transported to a processor, who skins the fruit mechanically to expose the sweet, sticky pulp. The beans are left to ferment in tanks for 12 to 18 hours, a step that helps to soften the pulp, and then washed and dried. The coffee will retain the most acidity. This method is called washed coffee, also is the most common fine coffee in the world. For semi washed beans, a variation of the washed technique, the pulp is removed mechanically, omitting the ferm entation step.This technique saves water but do not allow the processor to enhance flavor through fermentation. The coffees are relatively richer and earthier flavor. Finally, the coffee beans will be sorted by size, density and color and then graded, then go to roaster. Starbucks is sticking with its rule which is hard to remember and will break down under the weight of their own complexity, they focus on just two drinks at a time to reduce possibility for errors, customers will have to wait longer for their drinks. Consequently, customers can get the high quality coffee every time but just need to wait longer.Besides, over the years Starbucks has launched several initiatives to decrease the environmental impact of its disposable cups. Since 2009, Starbucks hosted a Cup Summit to bring together all facets of its paper and plastic cup value chain to find agreement on criteria for a comprehensive recyclable cup solution. Recyclable cup Reducing the environmental impacts of cups depen ds on the success of two interrelated efforts. First is developing recyclable cup solutions and secondly dramatically increasing customers’ use of reusable cups such as umbler or mug. With environmental and marketing issues, Starbucks offer a 10 percent discount when customer use their own reusable mugs or tumblers for their beverage in stores in the US and Canada, RM2 discount in Malaysia. Starbucks tumbler and mug Furthermore, Starbucks offer Starbucks Card to earn free drinks and gifts such as Starbucks year planner. Starbucks grab its market share by customer loyalty through promotions such as discount and limited edition gifts. Starbucks Card Starbucks year dairy plannerAccording to Forbes 2012, Starbucks introduce single serve coffee machine which using Swiss engineered high pressure technology called Verismo to allow customers make their own lattes at home with real milk. Verismo features three different pod types which are espresso pod, coffee pods and milk pods that can be combined in a number of ways to make own custom drinks. The chief executive of Starbuck, Howard Schultz mentioned do not have any competitor can make a latte with fresh milk just similar quality with a single cup machine. Verismo one cup coffee machineStarbucks is trying to capitalize on the popularity of single cup coffee machines, Verismo that use K cups, sealed plastic cups that contain ground coffee in a single filter. The president for channel development and emerging brands at Starbucks, Jeff Hansberry stated in 2011, more than $8 billion of machines and cups were sold worldwide and every three coffee machines, more than one is single cup machine. The key element of an organization is not building or a set of policies and procedures but is made up of people and their relationship with one another.A firm exists when people interact with one another to perform indispensable functions that helps achieve goals. Management recognizes the significance of manpower with most ne w approaches plan to empower employees with better opportunities to learn and contribute as they work together toward universal goals. (Richard L. Daft, 2009) Starbuck treat its employees as partner. Starbucks have built a solid foundation on the direct and open relationship that they share with partners and their legacy of providing employees with a positive workplace. In addition, working at Starbucks is a lot like working with friends.Starbucks believes that keeping each other informed is understanding and respect each others, so the senior leader hold the open forum to answer the juniors questions regularly. The Starbucks total pay package is called ‘Your Special Blend’ because it is just for you as employee. This package include competitive pay, insurance, bonuses, paid time off, retirement savings plan, stock options and discounted stock purchase plan, adoption assistance, domestic partner benefits, emergency financial aid, referral and support resources for child and elder care, also a free pound of coffee each week and discounted merchandise at Starbucks.Moreover, there are various partner clubs and networks that help employees share interest and find life balance which include recreational athletic leagues, foreign language clubs and parenting resources. Due to the health care is important to the employees, Starbucks offers comprehensive benefits packages to eligible partners working at least 20 hours per week. Starbucks was named to FORTUNE’s ‘100 Best Companies to Work For’ list for 14th time in 2012, from previous rank 98 move up to rank 73.The reason Starbucks was recognized as a great place to work for is they made treating their partners with respect and dignity one of its guiding principles. There are more than five hundred professionals working in the finance group at Starbucks, in fields such as accounting, business unit finance, corporate development, finance services, internal audit, investor relations, tax and customs, treasury and risk management and safety and security. Full year financial results in 2012Starbucks total net revenue increased 14% attaining a record $13. 3 billion. The company opened 1063 net new stores globally. Starbucks returned approximately $1. 1 billion to shareholders through share repurchases and dividend payments. Starbucks 2013 goals are open 1300 net new stores globally, representing 22% growth over fiscal 2012 and around 10-13% revenue growth. Starbucks Coffee Company has agreed to acquire Teavana Holdings in $620 million all cash acquisition.Starbucks and Teavana will jumpstart the next wave of growth in this dynamic category, leveraging Starbucks core competencies of real estate, design and store operations and intergrading these with Teavana’s world class tea authority, global sourcing capabilities, merchandising and best in class retail store unit economics. Furthermore, Startbucks plan to continue to grow and extend Teavana’s successful 200 mall based stores as well as add high profile neighborhood store concept that accelerate Teavana’s domestic and global footprint based on Starbucks existing infrastructure.Teavana Holding According to Gibbons, since 2008, Starbucks simplifying the complex structure it so that every job fell into one of the four basic supply chain functions which are plan, source, make and deliver. In planning sections involved its production planning, replenishment or new product launches. However, sourcing events were gathered by two areas which are coffee and non coffee procurement. For instances, Starbuck spends US$600 million on coffee every year and purchase non coffee procurement such as diary, furniture and paper goods US$2. billion annually. Furthermore, all manufacturing whether done in house or by contract manufacturers which are dispatched to be make functional unit. Finally, personnel working in distribution, transportation and customer service were appointed to the deliver gr oup. The chair, president and chief executive of Starbucks, Howard Schultz mention the management changes come less than a year after Starbucks reworked its leadership structure into three operating model that focuses on North and Latin America, Asia and Europe or Africa or the Middle East. Lisa Jennings, 2012) This rearrangement will let the company to better deliver on local relevancy and velocity of decision making. The leadership moves Starbucks announced that they more swiftly position themselves for the exciting opportunities ahead while never losing sight of the fact that they are a global brand with a rich heritage in coffee, long standing values and the responsibility to use their scale for good. Starbucks use 3-M framework which are Megaphone, Magnet and Monitor.Megaphone represents firm to customer communication, Magnet refers to customer to firm communication and the Monitor defined customer to customer interaction. (John G. and Sam R. , 2012) Starbucks had enhanced on t he business measures by excelling in operations management. The quality and taste of coffee, the people serving the coffee and the experience in the retail stores are the reasons customers loyal to Starbucks. Starbucks improve productivity and profitability, then regain its market share. Paryani, 2011) According to Xing Zheng, Starbucks attracts consumers and increases their loyalty through offering Starbucks experience satisfied in psychology and emotion and creates extraordinary coffee brand. Starbucks’ supply chain transformation had support from the very top. For Starbucks far flung supply chain, the creation of a single global logistic system is very vital. Generally Starbucks brings coffee beans from Latin America, Africa and Asia to United States and Europe in ocean containers. References Chris Barth, 2012.Starbucks’ New Verismo Machine Sinks Green Mountain. Will You Buy It? Forbes. http://www. forbes. com/sites/chrisbarth/2012/09/20/starbucks-new-verismo-machin e-sinks-green-mountain-will-you-buy-it/ [Accessed 1 November 2012] James A. Cooke. 2010. From bean to cup: How Starbucks transformed its supply chain. Supply Chain Procurement. Accessed through http://www. supplychainquarterly. com/topics/Procurement/scq201004starbucks [Accessed at 27th October 2012] John Gallaugher and Sam Ransbotham, 2012. Social Media and customer dialog management at Starbucks. Open Journal Systems. e-journal] MIS Quarterly Executive. [Accessed 3 November 2012] Li Ying Ming. Adjustment of Enterprise’s Marketing Strategy in the times of experience economics. Journal of Human Institute of Engineering. Accessed Through: http://en. cnki. com. cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GCHS200504004. htm [Accessed 3 November 2012] Lisa Jennings, 2012. Starbucks makes major management changes. Restaurant News. Accessed Through: http://nrn. com/article/starbucks-makes-major-management-changes [Accessed 1 November 2012] Megan McArdle, 2012. Starbucks put quality over quantity. The

Solve the questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Solve the questions - Essay Example Their aim is to dispose the toxic materials easily as they gain profits. According to the video, only this type of obsolescence is excellent in throwing 99% of the industrial toxic materials (Leonard). Perceived obsolescence is whereby a company makes stuff looks new and attractive. They do this through advertising. They come up with certain advertising strategies making the products look more fashionable compared to the current ones. 3. Personally, I think the two types of obsolescence are true and real. There are certain products available in the markets that are not needed, in any way, due to their low quality and price. This may probe a question on how such products were acquired. Therefore, I believe that such products are as a result of planned obsolescence. Some popular products that look appealing to the eye due to constant advertisement are not always satisfactory or good during consumption (Leonard). This is a similar case to the mentioned golden arrow. It looks nice but can easily affect the life of a person or kill. 4. The solution to this is by having a real government that is responsible and concerned about the citizens’ lives. From here, we can move on by throwing all the disposals away to ensure that nothing is destroyed. Finally, we will put the system of production, extraction, consumption and distribution together, in order to form a continuous or constant circulation system. From the system, we’ll get equity, sustainability, zero waste and closed loop of

CAREER RESEARCH PAPER 10TH GRADE LEVEL TOPIC CHOOSEN IS ZOOLOGIST

CAREER 10TH GRADE LEVEL TOPIC CHOOSEN IS ZOOLOGIST - Research Paper Example The study originated in the work of a number of writers and theorists. Like a number of contemporary subjects of knowledge such as ethics, Aristotle is regarded as one of the first thinkers to distinguish the study of animals as a distinct subject of investigation. Other early thinkers include Al-Jahizz in Asian, whose Book of Animals is regarded as a precursor to Charles Darwin’s theories of evolution. However, it wasn’t until 16th century Europe that zoology became an official scientific field of investigation. The science progressed at a gradual rate until the 19th century when the investigation of the microscope and Darwin released the Origin of the Species, which detailed his theory of natural selection, that the study of zoology was truly revolutionized. (Hickman 2007) Today zoology as a variety of subfields and types of scientific investigation. One of the main roles of the science of zoology is that of developing systems of classification for animals. This is referred to as morphography. Other subfields include the fields of comparative anatomy, which studies the anatomy of animals in relation to other animals; descriptive zoography, which investigates animals and their behavior; molecular biology is greatly concerned with the internal biological and evolutionary functions of animals and is close in contact to the study of evolutionary biology; and paleontology is the study of prehistoric life. While these subfields of zoology cover a broad spectrum of the scientific field, they are no means comprehensive, as the study of zoology is a diverse and complex as the very animals that the function to investigate. (Hickman 2007) One of the most famous zoologists in recent times and one of the individuals I am most interested in is Steve Irwin the ‘Crocodile Hunter’. While Irwin gained famed for his television show where he daringly confronted dangerous animals, he was also a

The internet on thinking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The internet on thinking - Research Paper Example (Greenbalt, 776). In answering these questions, traditional thinking can be described and evaluated. In evaluating it, then the impact of the internet on it can be revealed. Traditional thinking is slow. Slow because it requires careful considerations based on many considerations without the help of any readily available resources. The internet has come in and made it faster. At times, thinking has become instanteneous as a result of readily available resources availed by the internet. Traditional thinking involved thinking based on one consideration or just a few. However, with the internet in place now, it has resulted in what may be deemed as an enhancement. Enhancing the way may sources are integrated into thinking. By integrating many sources of information from the internet into thinking, persons are able to think diversely and make highly supported decisions (Greenbalt, 776). As such, the intergration of many sources of thinking has brought about an era of vast amounts of innovation in almost all areas of our lives. This innovation has been rapid as compared to the past. The difference between the era before the internet and this era of the internet is that, in traditional forms of life before the internet, people were ford of linear time, slow face to face connections, centaralised centres of decision making and one-sided decisions (Ã¥ ¸Æ'Ã¥  ¢Ã¥ §â€ Ã¦â€" ¯Ã¤ ¼ ¯Ã©â€¡Å'å‡ ºÃ§â€°Ë†Ã¥â€¦ ¬Ã¥  ¸, 141).But as of now, people have learnt to change their ways of thinking to conform to a fast and mainly instant world that has large concurrent, multi – tasking and synchronized abilities that have been made probable by innovation emanating from the internet. Innovation resulting from new ways of thinking brought about by the internet is very much evident in day to day lives. For example, new services and products are always been revealed at a highly frequent rate. These new innovations are from unprecedented sources and as such, it has

Economic of Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic of Industry - Essay Example This attracts new players to the field as there are no entry or exit barriers. When the number of players in the industry increases, the industry output increases. This reduces the profit margins of the firms. Will the entry of new players stop at this level No, the entry will not stop until the firms are able to make profits. But as the number of firms increases, the industry is squeezed of profits and the firms start making losses. When the firms start making losses, financially weak and the operationally inefficient leave the industry and that is also because there is no barrier to exit from the industry. The example of the competition in the Video rental market in United States shows how the lack of entry or exit barriers help shape the industry. In the early 1980s when the Video cassette recorder(VCR) and video cassette player (VCD) was available to the consumers it became a must in many of the households. Statistics show that in 1980 less than 1% of American households owned a VCR. But by 1990 over 70% of families owned one. This led to a huge increase in demand for video cassettes. So movie tapes rental business was a very popular ones. The initial players in the industry had huge profits upto five dollars a night and they were able to recover the cost of the tape after a few rentals. But there was no entry barrier in the industry. Looking at the huge demand and the enormous profit levels, many people started the same business. This lead to increase in competition. So between 1982 and 1987 the number of movie tape rental outlets increased by 400%. Gas stations and grocery stores also rented tapes. This led to a downward pressure on the price, so by 1990 the tape rental rates had fallen down to $ 1.50 per night. The profits had fallen down and this caused many firms to exit from the industry. Entry had ceased. The industry had attained its equilibrium in the long run. With the advent of more modern technologies the movie rental industry is going to shrink even more. Due the fact that the product is identical and the industry has no entry and exit barriers, the firms in this kind of industry are price takers. They have very little control over the price, the profits for the firms depends on

Essay about Kant, Hume or Aristotle Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

About Kant, Hume or Aristotle - Essay Example Hume’s opinion, what individuals strongly feel about as being good, right and moral is what actually defines what is right and what is wrong, as opposed to them feeling obliged to do something right without their will just because it is thought to be the right thing. If we analyze both these arguments in isolation, they are both valid to an extent. However, from the perspective of morality, Kant’s categorical imperatives formulate a stronger argument than Hume’s teachings. Starting from the basics, Kant’s critique of Hume’s theories has led him to label them as not really moral theories on the grounds that they do not give an individual a sense of direction as to what he actually is supposed (â€Å"ought†) to do under a particular situation. If we go a little deeper and start by understanding what a moral theory is supposed to do then we can either justify or nullify Kant’s criticism. Morality, in a very descriptive context refers to a set of rules put forward either by a society, religion or conferred upon an individual upon himself by himself. However, on the normative side, morality is a set of rules that is agreed upon by all individuals unanimously (Gert, 2011)1. Under this definition, we can vividly see that Kant’s criticism is in perfect synchronization with his arguments against Hume’s teachings since the normative definition of morality, is more or less a variant of Kant’s categorical imperativ es. If on the other hand, Kant would have based his argument on some grounds other than morality, then it might have been easier to refute his ideology. Kant stresses that human beings are given the status of God’s most supreme creations for their ability to reason. It is this ability to reason which differentiates human beings from animals and other creations of God. A man tries to come to a conclusion after putting some thought into the process and weighing some pros and cons, that is the point of differentiation between a man and the rest of

The relationship of the mass commercial media we are living with and Research Paper

The relationship of the mass commercial media we are living with and experimental film - Research Paper Example The research paper also discusses whether it is possible to commercialize modern experimental films or video art (Barnett 39). Commercial media vs. experimental film Mass media is a combination of diverse media technologies whose main purpose is to reach to a large group of audience through mass communication. The technologies used to achieve this objective vary. For instance, broadcast media such as recorded music, radio, televisions, and films transmit their messages electronically. On the other hand, experimental cinema or experimental film is a form of cinema (Barnett 111). Experimental film is a type of artistic practice that easesof both cinema and visual arts. Experimental film has its origin in Europe, which took place during the twentieth centuries. Experimental film has established its history through theories such as that of P. Adams Sitney, and its distribution advance through non-profit institutions such as The Film-Makers’ Cooperative of New York and other organi zations in other countries (Barnett 192). Experimental film influences on commercial media Although experimental film is familiar witha relatively small group of academics, practitioners, and connoisseurs, it has highly influenced, and will continue influencing visual effects, cinematography, and editing (Biolsi 84). Experimental film has highly influenced and led to the advancement of commercial media, which is currently familiarwith a large group of people such as televisions. Experimental film influences cinematography, which is the science or art of motion picture shooting. It is the technology used in movie photography, which includes both shooting and production of films (Biolsi 221). Cinematography also refers to film director’s major visual turncoat. Secondly, experimental film influences visual effects; these are a variety of processes for creating or manipulating imagery outside live action’s context. These visual effects influence commercial media since they involve mixing of live-action generated imagery and footage aided in creating media environments, which look more realistic, although, they would be expensive, dangerous, impractical, or not possible to capture on film (Biolsi 505).Visual effects with computer-generated images have currently become more accessible to the filmmakers due to the introduction of user-friendly, affordable composting, and animation software. Lastly, experimental film influences editing, which is the process of preparing and selecting visual, written, audible, and film media used to communicate commercial information. The editing process involves condensation, correction, organization, and other editing performed with aid of producing consistent, correct, complete, and accurate information (Biolsi 507). The editing process starts with ideas of the author of the work, proceeding as a partnership between the editor and the author as the entire work’s edition takes place. As such, editing process invo lves human skills, creative skills, and an accurate set of procedures. The music video’s genre is a commercialization of a number of experimental film’s techniques. Experimental film has also influenced television advertising and title design hence making television broadcasting more attractive than before. Song video or music video refers to a short film combining

Do We Now Live in a More Equal World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Do We Now Live in a More Equal World - Essay Example By the end of the twentieth century, the phenomenon of global income inequality was seen to be greater than it was ever before. Global inequality has two distinct dimensions. These are the inequalities that exist between countries and the inequalities that exist within the countries. Not everyone in the developed nations, like the United States, is known to be rich and similarly not everybody in a poor country is poor. It is necessary to take these two measures together. The world was divided into three categories by the World Bank going by their income levels - low income country, middle income country and high income country (Peet & Hartwick, 1999, p.6). Global inequality affects the living condition of the poor countries. Economic growth can affect not only the GDP and GNP of a nation but its overall heath and living conditions too (Wermuth, 2003, p.22). But before framing any conclusion, it is important for the analysts to differentiate between inequality and poverty in these cou ntries. To measure poverty, it is essential to have a poverty line which is usually set at a higher level in richer countries. As for the poorer nations, there is little income gradient in the poverty line (Ravallion, 2003, p.745). Similarly, to measure the economic indicators like GDP and GNP that help to estimate global inequality, we also need some measurement tools. GDP is measured by the production output units like bushels of wheat etc. The exchange rate mechanism is used to measure the national income or GNP (Firebaugh, 2006, pp.34-35). One of the many reasons why global inequality or world inequality is so prevalent today is the extent up to which the income and the wealth of the countries is distributed in a very uneven manner among the world's population. There is little doubt among the researchers that this income inequality that is seen both within and between the nations has been on a rise since the mid-twentieth century. It has been reported by the World Bank that the increasing gap between the rich and the poor countries over the past forty years has accounted for much of the increase in the worldwide income inequality amongst individuals and other households. Inequality patterns and consequences Globalization is divided into three patterns. These are unweighted global inequality, weighted global inequality and global inequality (Held & Kaya, 2004, p.3). In the first pattern, the mean of the country GDP across several countries are considered and population size is not taken here. The second pattern is also the same except that it takes population size into consideration. Global inequality measures difference between individuals of the world. These include intra country and inter country inequality. In 1960, the per capita GDP in the most of the richest twenty countries was found to be eighteen times than that in the poorest twenty countries. By 1995, the same gap had widened to almost thirty-seven times (World Development Report 2001). This sho ws that there has been a huge increase in polarization between the nations overtime (Bata,Bergesen, 2010, p.9). According to a survey, the top richest countries in the world in 2007 were Qatar, UAE, the USA, Hong Kong, Switzerland etc and the poorest countries were Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, Central African Republic, Mozambique etc (The UNICEF social and economic paper, 2011, p.19). There have been many sociological

Attitudes Towards Women In World War II Essay Example for Free

Attitudes Towards Women In World War II Essay 1. Source C is written by a Historian, this means that she will have had a long time to gather together her facts, and write using a variety of sources. This will give the source more depth, and it could also include information from more than one source. However, it is written by a woman, who is commenting on the history of women, so it could therefore be slightly bias. This woman could be writing to prove a point, or get recognition for women (i. e. for a feminist movement). On the other hand, source D was a speech made by the Deputy Prime minister of Britain in 1942. It is highly likely that this speech would have been used as a form of propaganda in Britain to keep the moral of women up during the war. They needed to do this to encourage the women to sign up to work in the factories, as the men were away fighting on the battlefields. It is evident in the tone of the source that the government were falsely praising the women to keep them happy. It was a very dull job, and they were trying to make the work they did sound positive, preformed with dead accuracy by girls.. It is evident that in source C the author is analysing the source, and giving her opinion. Such derogatory remarks. It seems that she is giving a very opposed opinion to the magazine article she is commenting on, and all the information that this gives the reader is her opinion of they way women were portrayed at that time. Despite the fact that we do get some quotes from the source she is analysing, we are only given the selection she chooses, and she has chosen those particular parts to back up her opinion. It does appear that women were depicted during the Second World War as empty-headed frivolous creatures. However, this is only part of the source, and we cannot get the full picture, as the author has picked out certain parts to back up her opinion. The original might depict a different opinion, but we are unable to find that, as we are not given that here in source C. Source D gives us the impression that women were viewed as very skilled, and they could pick up things very quickly, precise engineering jobs would have made a skilled turners hair stand on end are preformed with dead accuracy by girls who had no industrial experience. However this seems very strange, because the general opinion by men during the Second World War was that women were un-skilled and should stay in the home, so it appears that the government were lying to women (i.e. propaganda) so that they could fill in the jobs for men when they were away. The speech was made at the peak of the war, and it would have been crucial that they had enough women to work in the factories. To summarise, I think that source C is more useful as evidence about attitudes towards women in the First World War, as it depicts a more realistic view of what people thought at the time. Women were viewed as insignificant, and more concerned about how they looked. Although it is a bias opinion from a female historian trying to back up her views, it does seem a more historically accurate. Source D could not be used as an accurate view, as it is government propaganda, purposely being used to keep the moral of women high. 2. Source G is being used as an advertisement for Female wardens, and Mrs Peeks pudding. It also seems to be being used to make men more comfortable with their wifes going into service. It appears to be a form of propaganda; therefore, it is less reliable as a source of information. The first window in the cartoon strip shows a man sitting at the table with his wife eating a meal. In most situations this would not be the case, as men were usually sent away to fight. This does appear to make the advert less accurate. This source shows that men only thought women were useful for putting the meal on the table, or at least it was their duty to do so. The husband in the first caption states cold dinner again! as if it was his wifes duty to provide him with a hot meal every night. The following caption quotes the wife saying oh dear, Ill have to resign from the post, I just cant get Jim a hot meal at night. Here we see that the woman is hanging on by every word that the man tells her, as if he was superior to her. This very much depicts the attitude that men had to their wives at that time. The last box on the cartoon strip quotes the man saying I guess youve resigned your job? here we find the man expecting the woman to drop everything that she does, so that she may be of service to him. The woman replies, Mrs Peek is looking after your dinner. Again we find the man being superior to the woman. I think that overall this source depicts well the attitude of men towards women in the Second World War. The man expects the woman to drop everything so that she may be of service to him, and that her job does not mean any thing, and the woman seems to agree with it as she knows no other. The only thing that makes the source less reliable is that it seems to be a form of propaganda. 3. When World War II came around, every man In Britain was encouraged to sign up to the forces, and fight for their country, or join some line of service. Originally only men had been asked to sign up, and it was out of the question to ask women to, as they had no skills in work, they were just useful around the home. However, it had not occurred to them that there was going to be a shortage of people to work on the farms, and in the factories when the men had left to go and fight. The government were left with no other option than get the women to fill in the spaces; the women were conductors on the buses taking over until the men came home again (source F) Before the war women had fought hard for equal rites, and when the war started it seemed like a great opportunity had opened up. Most women were happy to start with, but then they were treat badly, and they were most definitely not treat with the same respect men were. The people in the country were very resentful, they didnt make it easy for you, we werent really welcome. It was hard work for the women, they had been put into hard jobs with no training, but they seemed to manage it, preformed with dead accuracy by girls who had no industrial training. It was a new experience for women, and they had been launched straight into it unexpectedly. Before the war a lot of women were happy not to work, but due to the war, they were forced to sign up. This came as a shock to a lot of women. Source J is evidence of this, it shows a copy of an official government announcement to women stating: there must no longer be any doubt in anybodys mind that every available woman in Britain will have to serve to win this war. It wasnt a decision they could make themselves any more, it was a duty to their country. Despite all of the new opportunities that had been given to women, after the war the men started coming back, and they took back their jobs too. The end o this war brought many unheard and undreamt changes. All of the opportunities they had been given had been taken away from them, and it became clear to women that they had only been there to fill in the gaps when the men were away fighting. At first, the war seemed a great opportunity for women to get recognition, and they thought that they had eventually earned what they were fighting for. However they soon realised that they were just there to fill in the space of the men, and when the men got back, they were pushed out of the jobs. It did bring about changes for them at first, but only during the war. When the war was over, everything went back as it had originally been, however, it had made people realise that women were actually capable of doing the work that the men did, and it opened a lot of paths for the future.

The Giver by Lois Lowry Chapter Summary

The Giver by Lois Lowry Chapter Summary Chapter Summaries Each summary must have at 4-5 sentences. Chapter 1: In chapter 1 in the giver we learn about what jonass life is like in the community. We learn that there are a lot of rules. Like you cant fly a plane over the community and if you disobey the rules then you get released. Jonas is going to the ceremony of twelve in december, which he is nervous about. We also find out that people get assigned to families and in a family you can only have a female, a male and two children. That is what we have found out in chapter 1 Chapter 2: In chapter 2 we learn about what the ceremony of twelve is and what happens there. The ceremony of twelve is where all of the elevens go to a ceremony and recieve their life assingnment. The elders watch the elevens very closely to see what jobs will fit them best. Jonass parents are in law and order and nurturers. Jonas does not know what job will fit him best and he is worried he will get a job he does not like. That is what happened in chapter 2. Chapter 3: In chapter 3 Jonass father had talked about how there was this baby, (He worked at the nurturing job so he took care of babies) who wasnt doing very well so they were talking about realeasing him. So his father had brought the baby home. Many of the people in the community had dark eyes, but the baby had light eyes, like Jonas. Lilly had said he looks like you Jonas. Which had brought back a memory for him, It was that there had been a time where he had gotten called out on the loudspeaker. HeÂÂ   had been playing a game with asher and took an apple which you are not supposed to do. That is what had happened in chapter 3. Chapter 4: It had been almost time for the ceremony of twelve. There were only a few volunteer days left. Jonas usually didnt do volunteer jobs with his friend asher, but since there were only a few days left it didnt really matter. He had gone to look for ashers bike and found it at the House of the old with fiona. He went in and did his work in the bathing room at the house of the old. That is what happened in chapter 4. Chapter 5: In chapter 5 it explained how every evening jonas and his family told the dreams they had that night. Jonas rarely dreamed but that day he had vividly dreamed. In his dream he was at the house of the old, he was with there with fiona and no one else, and she was not taking him seriously. Then he admitted to his family that he had wanted to bathe her. His parents started talking to him about how those were stirrings, they gave him pills that every parent had to take, i think that they control your feelings. That is what happened in chapter 5. Chapter 6: In chapter 6 they were going through all the ceremonies. The ceremony of the ones twos threes fours fives six sevens eights nines tens and elevens. The ceremony of twelve has not happened yet and that is jonass. The ceremony of eights was where lilly was and that is where you start your volunteer hours. At all of the ceremonies you recieve something different. Like at the tens you get your long hair cut off, at the ceremony of nines you get a bike. All of them are different. That is what happened in chapter 6. Chapter 7: In chapter 7 they went through the ceremony of twelve. Every one of the elevens turned twelve and recieved their life assignment. All of his friends got the job they wanted. Whenever it was his turn, they skipped over him! He was so embarrassed he wanted to shrink up and disapear. That is what happened in chapter 7 Chapter 8: In chapter 8 all of the jobs had been given, except for jonass. The chief elder had finally called jonas up to the stage she apologized for all of the confusion and went on. Jonas has not been assigned, he has been selected to be the reciever of memory. The reciever of memory must have many traits which we think you have all of. There is one though that none of the community understands but the current reciever said the chief elder, the trait to see beyond. Jonas was about to say no you picked the wrong person, but then all the faces in the audience changed just like the apple. Then he understood. That is what happened in chapter 8 Chapter 9: In chapter nine he was about to go home from the ceremony of twelve with asher. When he went up to ask he said sure with his normal smile, but there was something different, a slight hesitation. The same thing happened when someone went to congratulate him. When he got home he read his rules which were surprisingly sparse. There were only 8 rules. You can lie, You cannot apply for realese, and a bunch of other ones. He was surprised at some of them and amazed how some people would actually do that. That is what happened in chapter 9. Chapter 10: In chapter 10 it was the first day of jonass training. He rode his bike to the house of the old with fiona because she will get her training there as well. Jonas had gone to the back of the house of the old to recieve his training. He was surprised at all of the locked doors and a little scared, but the attendant cheered him up and said the reciever of memory just needs his concentration. When he went in he was amazed by all of the nice furniture but even more amazed by all of the books, he only thought three existed!! The older reciever of memory asked if he knew what snow was, jonas said no, then we have got a lot of work to do. That is what happened in chapter 10. Chapter 11: In chapter 11 the older Reciever Of Memory asked Jonas to take his tunic off. The old man put his hands on Jonass back and gave him the memory of snow. It was very cold and he could see his breath. In the next memory the reciever gave him the memory of sunlight. It was very warm and hot. Jonas had a question, the chief elder said it would be painful but it actually has been very enjoyable. The old man said that it would be painful soon and that they would have one more memory. It was sunburn, it had hurt but he thought it was interesting. When the training ended the old man seemed tired. That is what happened in chapter 11. Chapter 12: In chapter 12 every one of the twelves was talking about there first day of training. Jonas wanted too to talk about his training but he is not supposed to and he would not know how to explain it. Then he went back to the house of the old with Fiona after school. When Fiona started rushing in to go to her training her hair had changed just like the audience and the apple. Once he got to the Giver Jonas asked about it. The Giver said that he was beginning to see the color red. Jonas did not understand this so the Giver had to explain. He explained that in memories things had a shape and size like now but they also had color. Jonas did not understand much so the Giver gave him the memory of a rainbow. Chapter 13: In chapter 13 Jonas starts to see every color every so often. He sees flashes of color every so often. Now when Jonas goes to the Givers house for training he often sees the giver rocking on the floor. He asks whats wrong but the giver just asks for him to go away. Hes worried about the giver so he asks to transmit the memory of pain to him. Thats what happened in chapter 13. Chapter 14: In chapter 14 the Giver gave Jonas a memory when he was on the sled again but on ice. He started zooming down and fell and twisted his leg. The pain lingered in him for the rest of the day. As the days went on, Jonas begun to feel more and more of the pain and understood it better, every day it got worse. That is what happened in chapter 14. Chapter 15: In chapter 15 Jonas went into the Annex room and realized that he would get sent away, he saw that The Giver looked in pain. Ill go now sir, Jonas said quickly, unless there is something i can do to help. The GiverÂÂ   had asked him to take some of the pain. Jonas had quickly took of his tunic and lay on the bed. The Giver had placed his hand on him and he braced himself for what was to come. It was warefare, wounded people were everywhere. When he could not go on anymore the memory stopped and he looked at The Giver. The Giver looked away from Jonas not bearing what he could have done to him. Chapter 16: In chapter 16 it was after Jonas had recieved the memory of warfare. He didnt want to go back, but he did. Ever since the warfare memory, the giver had given him happier ones and less bad ones. There are a lot of good memories too, the Giver had said, and there was. Jonas had seen a birthday party. Jonas asked The Giver what is favorite memory was. The Giver then gave it to him. It was a memory of christmas. That is what happened in chapter 16. Chapter 17: In chapter 17 it was an unscheduled holiday. That meant that all the kids were off school, training and volunteer hours and the parents were off work. Jonas had went to find Asher. He had found him at the playing field. They were playing a game where you have a pretend weapon and you shoot people with the fake weapon. Jonas had started to play when he walked out on the playing field but then he froze up. All of the other children backed away because they didnt know what was going on. It had reminded him of the memory of war. Everyone was gone except for Asher and Fiona. Jonas asked them not to play it again. You cant tell us what to play said Asher, then Fiona had rode off with Asher and Jonas felt he had lost his friends. That is what happened in chapter 17. Chapter 18: In chapter 8 Jonas had a lot of questions for the giver about the last reciever in training. It seemed like it caused the giver pain to talk about her. I loved her like i love you the giver had said, her name was rosemary. He asked what had happened why it had been a failure. She had applied for release and then all the memories were loose, The Giver had said. I cannot apply for release said jonas, its in my rules. But it wasnt in hers. That is what happened in chapter 8. Chapter 19: In chapter 19 Jonas was interested in the release of the newchild. Jonas asked the giver about it. My father is doing the release today, Jonas had said. The Giver wished that they would not do that. Jonas wished that he could see it. The Giver had the film out and was ready to show Jonas but he thought that his father would be mad. When they started watching it it started out in a room with a table and some equipment. His father brought two children and weighed them. The smallest one had to be released so his father took a needle with medicine in it and put it in his head, that had killed the baby, Jonas was in shock at what his dad had done.

Overview Of Science Teaching Yesterday Today And Tomorrow Education Essay

Overview Of Science Teaching Yesterday Today And Tomorrow Education Essay The development of science education in the United States is said to have been pushed by a perceived lack and deficiency with laggard innovations in science and the declining quality of students the science curriculum has produced. Reforms in the science curriculum in the past were triggered by Soviet Unions Sputnik launch and how the event placed the US behind their Russian counterparts (Matthews, 1994). Today, in the era of globalization, a growing concern is the declining standards and performance of American students in mathematics and science. The challenge falls upon the entire American education system to ensure scientific literacy among its citizens and equip them with the scientific competency to become productive members of a democratic society. This paper discusses the evolution of science education in the United States in order to evaluate how the science teacher or educator could initiate reforms in the classroom or the systemic setting. Science Education: The Past It is a common perception among students that science is a difficult and deplorable subject in school (Krehbiel, 1999). Responsibility has fallen upon policy-makers and science teachers to make the sciences more appealing to students. As Stephen Jay Gould said, We think that science is intrinsically hard, scary, or arcane, and that teachers can only beat the necessary knowledge, by threat and exhortation, into a small minority born with inborn propensity (as cited in Osborne, 2007, p. 117). Why has science education acquired this brand or label as a seemingly impossible subject which only a handpicked few could appreciate and comprehend? The history of science education suggests that the rigidity, prescriptive curriculum, and standardized form of science teaching as a subject based on memorization of facts on a very wide range of science content might have contributed to this perception (Matthews, 1994). The standardization of science teaching in the late 1800s was undertaken in order to address the problem of the lack of qualified science teachers. The school curriculum concept grew out of the London School Board in the United Kingdom in 1870, prompting the training of science teachers who can ably teach science courses to the general public. In the United States, the standardization of science education came in the 1890s and there was a great debate on what ideology should guide the school science curriculum: citizen science or professional training. In 1892, a group called the Committee of Ten was tasked by the National Education Association (NEA) to make recommendations for a school science curriculum. This commi ttee emphasized on science teaching as a citizen science that is important in grooming professional scientists in the future. As a result, the entire American education system applied the curriculum recommended by this Committee (Wallace and Loughran, 2003). The emphasis was theoretical and stressed on the teaching of facts and principles of the disciplines. The approach was foundationalist, where the curriculum attempts to make the future scientist learn all the basic concepts of every science discipline. Cohen opines that the tradition of attempting to make students memorize a series of dry facts was impractical because no practicing scientist readily memorizes such as the density of various substances, the atomic weight of different chemical elementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the distance in light years from the Earth to various stars (and so on) (as cited in Osborne, 2007, p. 173). This tradition still dominates science education today, but has also been challenged with the introduction of other ideologies to guide science teaching. One is the applied approach where science is taught in relation to how everyday things function and contribute to society, and the liberal or humanistic approach, where emphasis is given on the implications of science in a historical and cultural sense (Matthews, 1994). Science Education: The Present The same concerns still exist in science education today. Attitudes toward science and mathematics among students remain negative and parental support for a science-geared education has declined (Osborne, 2007). K-12 science educators in many states in the US still follow the rigid, theoretical tradition in science teaching and conform strictly to the curriculum and content prescribed among age groups. Policy makers and education lobbyists have expressed concern that emphasis on facts and theories have resulted to teachers who merely cover the material, without teaching the material. The process of science is overlooked and the student fails to develop critical thinking skills and appreciation for the scientific method. Osborne (2007) articulates the tension in science teaching today. She argues that the science curriculum is geared at developing future scientists, hence, the stress on factual and theoretical presentation on a wide range of content. This contributes to the perception that becoming competent in science is practical only to students who want to pursue a career in the sciences someday. The aim of scientific literacy for all citizens is missed if this kind of thinking is not corrected. According to Krehbiel (1999), science teachers have the responsibility of clarifying to students that science competency is not only suited for the future scientist, it is also beneficial to non-scientists. Scientific literacy contributes to the development of problem-solving skills that greatly benefit non-scientists and can be applied in everyday life. Science education development today wants to enhance the competency of teachers. Teachers are central to the development of scientific literacy which is the end goal of science education (Osborne, 2007). Their qualifications and their attitudes play a great role in accomplishing this mission. State Boards have specific requirements and credentials for science teachers. Studies have shown that teachers who possess subject-specific degrees are better qualified to influence positive science outcomes among students than those who do not (Cronginer et al., 2003). However, secondary characteristics such as teachers attitudes and belief systems play a major role in motivating students to learn. Wallace Loughran (2003) suggest that there are many factors that contribute to the belief systems of science teachers, such as social pressure (or the need to conform to prescribed methods of instruction) and the apprenticeship of observation (or the mirroring of style of teaching they experienced a s students in their science classes). Attitudes about practice reflect upon a science teachers teaching style, which in turn influence comprehension. Teachers who consider themselves as transmitters of knowledge apply a teacher-centered style of instruction where the main goal is the delivery of the content or subject matter (Wallace Loughran, 2003). A teacher who espouses this tradition adheres strictly to the organization of content while the needs of students are secondary considerations only. Lesson plans are designed to conform to prescribed content with no concern for student readiness or aptitude. Wallace and Loughran (2003) identify this method as the most dominant form in science teachers. An alternative style is the student-centered method which focuses primarily students comprehension. A teacher who practices this style first considers his or her students prior knowledge or aptitude before planning lessons and concentrates on forming social interactions or collaborative relationships with students (Wallace L oughran, 2003). Science Education: The Future If the international rankings of American students in science and mathematics are predictive of the quality of science education, then there are great challenges to be overcome in the near future. As American students lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in science competency, reforms in policy and corporate support are today heavily emphasized to produce more globally competitive students in the future. Microsoft founder Bill Gates has contributed billions to encourage students to take science course in college. Organizations such as Tapping Americas Potential provide scholarships for more students to graduate with degrees in science, mathematics, and engineering (Osborne, 2007). In the education system, policy reforms are also under way. In 1996, the National Committee on Science Education Standards and Assessment (NCSESA) came up recommendations on how to better produce more scientifically literate students for the future. Standards related to science teaching were presented in the book National Science Education Standards, such as: The vision of science education described by the Standards requires changes throughout the entire system. What students learn is greatly influenced by how they are taught. The actions of teachers are deeply influenced by their perceptions of science as an enterprise and as a subject to be taught and learned. Student understanding is actively constructed through individual and social processes. Actions of teachers are deeply influenced by their understanding of and relationships with students. (p. 30) Among the reforms in elementary and secondary science education emphasize on the need for inquiry-based and hands-on curriculum used in schools. It has been a major thrust advocated in the National Science Education Standards and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Conclusion The development of science education has been made possible by the careful study of its past, an assessment of the present, and a positive outlook on the future. Remnants of the heavily theoretical orientation of science teaching of the 19th century are still practiced today. At present, there has been a noticeable decline in the competency of students in science and mathematics, pushing the drive for more reforms in science education. The recommendations, while focusing on the systemic need for science education reform, also highlight the important role of the science teacher in achieving better science outcomes among students. Teachers competency, decisions about the content, peer interactions, behaviors, attitudes, and belief systems significantly influence students comprehension, appreciation, and attitudes toward science.

Gap Exploitation Essay -- essays research papers

Gap Inc. was founded in 1969 by Donald and Doris Fisher in San Francisco, California, with a single store and a handful of employees. Today, they’re one of the world's largest specialty retailers with three of the most recognized and respected brands in the apparel industry - Gap, Banana Republic and Old Navy. Gap Inc. has more than 153,000 employees supporting over 4,200 stores in more than 3,100 locations in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Japan and Germany. Their 2004 Sales were well over $15 billion, bringing in a net income of $1.03 billion, a 115.7% income growth from previous year. Gap Inc contracts factories in 64 Countries, allegedly also making clothes within the US . And by â€Å"Made in the USA,† they mean, â€Å"Made in the indigenous countries that, out of desperation, joined the United States in hopes of gaining more stable government regulations, yet remain excluded from basic employment rights and minimum wage laws.† The â€Å"guest workers† from countries like Saipan, who joined the United States in 1975 to be citizens of the â€Å"land of the free,â€Å" commit themselves to conditions that are simply shameful to basic human rights. Once committed, workers who toil for 12 hours daily behind barbed-wire fences, eat infested food, sleep on cots in dormitories that they are forced to pay more "fees" for, and work "off the clock" hours that they aren't paid for, can’t escape from the madness, unless they can pay a mandatory $10 thousand dollar fee for this â€Å"privilege.† Despite over 1,000 citations over a mere 5 years in Saipan, GAP remains stern on their refusal to pay a settlement with exploited workers. One worker was quoted: â€Å"Before 1997, we called for the strike because we were forced to work overtime with no opportunity to take a holiday, we wanted to go home for the holiday. But now we have so many holidays, and we have no money to go home. There is nothing in balance†¦ I have no question why people commit suicide.† Of course, not all of the factories that GAP contracts could possibly conduct themselves like that, right? They have model factories like the Shin Won factory in Guatemala, acclaimed by industry reps and retailers, as well as winning several exporting awards in recent years. From afar, Shin Won is just an average factory ... ...other loan for $20 from a loan shark.† To think that these are just individual problems or â€Å"special cases† is outright foolish. 24 of 27 factory workers in Lesotho said that they owed money to loan sharks. Even more shocking, many loan sharks are supervisors at the factories in which these people make a living. This means that the supervisors can deduct money from the checks of people who borrowed the money. What does this mean to the workers? Weeks of work without pay, and the need to, you guessed it, borrow more money. How could so much corruption ensue in these factories when the Gap’s 90 inspectors are paid to keep tabs on violations of their Code of Conduct? One Lesotho worker had this to say: â€Å"In our factory we have this policy that we have two separate time sheets, one for the buyer and for the owner. Whenever the buyer comes, they show that person a sheet which does not have our actual salary. The management does not show the buyer our original time sheet, the one which shows what we are actually paid. We have two time sheets, and we have to sign both sheets. If I don’t then I will get fired. I have no other option but to sign both sheets.†

Slavery and Reparations Essay examples -- Slavery Essays

â€Å"Slavery, colonialism and neo-colonialism have caused inestimable damage to billions of people throughout the world. They have also formed the basis for the accumulation of immense wealth in the hands of a small elite†¦ The slave trade involved the brutal relocation of tens of millions of people in which families, communities and societies were destroyed and in which millions lost their lives in the most inhumane conditions. At the same time, slavery was a fundamental element of the strengthening of mercantile trade and the rapid accumulation of capital that formed the basis for the emergence of the capitalist system as we know it today. Colonial conquest entailed the further oppression of the people of the colonies in the form of dispossessing people of their land and their livelihoods, destroying their cultures and social and political structures and subjecting them to the rule of the colonial powers. Colonialism, in both its early expansionary phase and the imperialist phase in which the colonial powers carved up the world amongst themselves, created the conditions for the further accumulation of capital as well as the concentration and centralization of this wealth into fewer and fewer hands. Neo-colonialism continues and intensifies this oppression, leading to levels of poverty and destitution†¦ never witnessed before. The big transnational corporations, the governments of the North and the international institutions, including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and World Trade Organization, are working with new elites in the South to perpetuate the process whereby the rich get richer at the expense of the poor getting poorer.† (JubileeSouth â€Å"Reparations Towards Another World†) An institution that lasted f... ... African Americans, then supporters, activists, lawyers, and the Black community all could stand behind one unified proposal. A proposal that is similar to Japanese-American redress that would seek to compensate individuals, the Black community through education and trust funds that would appreciate over time, and finally be recognized for the atrocities that slavery had on the African American existence in America. There is no question that slavery was both morally and ethically wrong, but somehow our country has become very comfortable with ignoring the impact that slavery had on the Black community. Even though slavery ended over 200 years ago the disadvantages of being Black in America still exist, and until the U.S. government begins to rectify their actions, blacks will continue to lose opportunities and will be no better off than their emancipated ancestors.

Mexican food Essay Essay

Despite the popularity of Taco Bell and Chipotle across the country, many Americans don’t really understand Mexican food. Most people who live in America don’t get to see the true beauty of food. We have fast food and microwavable food, while Mexican food is fresh and homemade. Mexican food varies by region, and there are certain ingredients that are used throughout Mexico. Mexican food has its roots from different countries. Each region in Mexico has its own type of food. Meat dishes are popular in the north, while in the south more dishes with vegetables and chicken are common. Communities along the sea enjoy a lot of seafood dishes; using fish like grouper, red snapper, mojarra and snook. Lobster, crab and oysters are abundant. Some Mexican recipes incorporate influences from South America, the Caribbean and Africa. Common foods, such as tacos and tamales, receive a special touch in each region of Mexico. White corn, beans, squash, tomatoes and chiles are the staples that have formed the foundation of Mexican cooking. The Mexican Indians relied on the combination of corn and beans for their protein, and they included small game, birds and fish whenever available. They either simmered or smoked the food. They did not have bread, but invented tortillas made of corn. When the Spainards arrived in Mexico, they brought influences from the Romans: wheat, bread, olives and olive oil, the Germanic tribes: pork and lard, and the North African Moors: sheep, chickens and spices, such as cinnamon and cumin, fruit, rices and nuts. The Mexican Indians incorporated these ingredients into tacos, stews and tamales which we now consider typical Mexican cuisine. Chiles, one of the most recognizable flavors in Mexican cooking, was originally cultivated in South America. Mexicans continue to use dozens of varieties of chiles in cooking. Anchiote seeds and paste often season chicken and fish; dried and smoke jalapeà ±os give Mexican soups, salsas and sauces a smoky flavor. Mexicans cooking also uses canella (white cinnamon), which has a more delicate flavor than its American counterpart. In conclusion, Mexican food is unique in many ways! The food they eat can be exotic but delicious . Most food that they cook is healthy, filling, and is well desired. Different types of food comes from different regions of Mexico. Chiles is one of the most used ingredient of Mexican food. The ingredient can be used as a spice and was originated in Mexico.

Growing Number of Kindergarten Franchises to Drive Revenues of China Preschool Industry: Ken Research Essay

The preschool market is the fastest growing sector of the education industry in China presently. Over the span of last seven years, the industry has grown at an annualized rate of 10. 3% from 2006. The industry showcased increasing revenues in the period of 2006-2012, owing to the inflating tuition fees charged by the growing number of the private kindergartens. The enrollment figures have also shown a progressive trend throughout the years, instigated by the growing market presence and awareness about the importance of the pre-primary education amongst masses. Kindergartens in China are responsible for providing both childcare and preschool education to the children aged 3-6 years. The transition of Chinese economy from publicly administered to market-run has put a great impact on the kindergarten market of the country. Private sector funded kindergartens have gained increasing hold over the overall market and had accounted for a dominant share in 2012. Rural areas of China host the maximum of the kindergartens which are primarily run by the education department or are publicly funded. However, with a rising number of private entities adopting the franchised business model to operate in the underpenetrated market of China preschool industry, the urban areas have showcased an increasing share of enrollments over the years. The preschool industry of China is characterized by a high degree of fragmentation with increasing number of players implementing acquisition expansion strategies to build on their market shares. RYB Education, Oriental BabyCare, Gymboree Play and Music are some of the chief brand names operating in the market. Other emerging players include Noah Education holdings, Beijing Hongying Education group, I Love Gym etc. A significant number of publicly led kindergartens also are prominent in China which includes players such as Huijia Kindergarten and Hong Huanlan Education Group. Increasing number of working mothers has led to an increasing demand for the kindergartens in the country. Additionally, the large population base of the country promises an increasing cohort of children aged under- six, which presents huge opportunities for the foreign and domestic investors to attain growing levels of revenues in coming years. Additionally, the talent-based trainings provided in the kindergartens of China, has also welcomed a growing number of children to participate in the preschool programs. However, the trend of bilingual kindergartens is being most prominently witnessed in this sector, stressing the growing importance of early language training, as preferred by parents. The report â€Å"China Pre-primary Education and Childcare Industry Outlook to 2017† provides detailed overview on the preschool industry from various perspectives. The report encloses a comprehensive analysis of the various segments of the market reflecting the present scenario and future growth affected by changing industry dynamics in coming years. Additionally, the report also entails information about the government rules and policies, rational analysis of the macroeconomic factors, along with the competitive landscape of the pre-primary education and childcare industry. The report will help industry consultants, companies and other stakeholders to align their market centric strategies according to ongoing and expected trends in future. For more information on the industry research report please refer to the below mentioned link: http://www. kenresearch. com/education/pre-school-education/china-pre-primary-education-market-research-report/401-99. html.

Explain the relationship between mental health problems and society Essay

The way in which the public perceive people with mental health impairments is constantly being called into question. The relationship between mental health and social problems are prominent in day to day life, but can be experienced and viewed on varying levels-this is dependent on individuals. Stigma and discrimination stem from personal ignorance and fear, whether the person is not well educated enough to understand illness or is ignorant to it; realistically the ignorance is more likely to cause social problems on an individual basis. The public needs a better awareness and understanding of what mental health is and how it affects people and the support network around them. (Angermeyer and Matschinger 2005) Argue that members of the public have limited knowledge of mental illness and what they do know can sometimes be entirely incorrect. (Thornicroft 2006) States that the public believe having a mental illness reduces intelligence and the ability to make decisions and that some people still believe schizophrenia means having a split personality. In addition, (Thornicroft 2006) say it is common for the public to not grasp the difference between mental illness and learning disabilities. This can lead to common misconceptions in society. (McLeod, S. A 2008). Social Roles and Social Norms – Simply Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/social-roles.htmlthere) There are many ways that people can influence our behavior, but perhaps one of the most important is that the presence of others seems to set up expectations. Social Norms are unwritten rules about how to behave. They provide us with an expected idea of how to behave in a particular social group or culture. Because some people don’t fit into this social norm (Time to Change. 2008. Stigma Shout[online] available at: http://www.time-to-change.org.uk/research-reports-publications [accessed 30th September 2013) state 9 out of 10 people with mental health problems have been affected by stigma and discrimination and more than two thirds have stopped doing things they wanted to do because of stigma. Having aspirations and wanting to be in employment gives a certain level of self-esteem and people are generally in a much better position to build  social relationships and contribute to society, this in turn helps; the community, the nation, and fellow man. Still people with severe mental health problems have a lower rate of employment than any other disabled group, but are proved more likely than any other group with disabilities to want to have a job and desire work. Up to 90% of people suffering from mental health issues say they would like to work this is compared to 52% of disabled people (Stanley K, Maxwell D 2004. Fit for purpose London: IPPR). Campaigners such as ‘Time to Change’ are reaching out to the media particularly through social networking to make people more aware and be more open to recognising early signs of mental health problems, this will in turn help reduce the number of unreported mental health problems in the UK. The WHO Mental Health Survey Consortium (2004) previously reported that up to 85% of people with serious mental disorders did not receive treatment in a one year period (World Health Organisation – Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organisation world mental health surveys 2004. 291:p. 2581-2590). Anti-stigma campaigns can help build a better relationship between mental health and social problems in a positive manner. Direct social contact with people with mental health problems is without doubt the most effective way to change public attitudes so the greater the awareness the higher chance of people leaving personal prejudices behind. 77% of adults believe that the media does not do a good job in educating people about mental illness (Priory Group 2007. Crying shame. Leatherhead, Surrey: Priory Group). There are many different perspectives and understandings of mental health and opinions vary significantly even when different people are presented with the same situation involving someone apparently experiencing mental distress (Dr Colin King, Model Values 2009 cited Colombo et al, 2003a and b). Historically, the dominant model for explanations of mental disorders has been the ‘Medical Model’ which treats mental disorders in the same way as a physical cause and assumes the mental illness comes about primarily as a result of biochemical, genetic deviations, chemical imbalances or trauma which give rise to symptoms. These symptoms are classified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which then leads to a  diagnoses and drugs prescribed or in more serious cases electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) or psychosurgery are used; the latter being the very last resort if other treatments prove to fail. With this model the treatment can be fast and therefore empowering people to live the life they have desired without having to stay in care homes or hospitals, though it is a double edged sword because as with all drugs there are side effects; it is known for ECT treatment to cause memory loss. Taking antipsychotic pills can cause weight gain and increase the chance of developing diabetes among other side effects. The Medical Model is alluring because it is succinct, tangible, and easily understandable and is in accordance with a scientific method which relies on objective and measurable observation. There have been three types of studies to provide evidence to support this view which have been family, twin studies- and adoption studies. The ‘Social Model’ looks at other sociological reasons to possible causes of mental health and is based on an understanding of the complexity of human health and well-being and supports the social networks of people who are vulnerable and frail. It takes the wider view that the ability to undertake such activities is limited by social barriers and shows the limitation of activity is not caused by impairments but a consequence of social barriers, this shifts the emphasis towards those aspects of the world that can be adapted and changed (The Social Model of Disability and The Disability Discrimination Act). The management of the problem requires social action and is the collective responsibility of society at large to make the environmental modifications necessary for the full participation of people with disabilities in all areas of social life. The issue is both cultural and ideological and requires individual, community and a large scale social change and from this perspective, equal access for someone with an impairment or disability is a human rights issue of major concern. Social model thinking has important implications for the education system too, and particularly primary and secondary schools. Prejudiced attitudes toward disabled people and all minority groups are not innate. They are learned through contact with the prejudice and ignorance of others. To conclude mental health and social problems can be non-excitant if society  focuses on the two dominant models ‘Medical & Social’. The two are the perfect example of a lasting relationship, intertwined with one another. Without the social model stigma and discrimination create barriers and without the medical model treatment would not be diagnosed and treated. With the two models society can empower individuals to live the life they desire, strive for and deserve. People with mental health problems should be safe guarded and encouraged to participate in their community regardless of their age, race, or disability. If society tackles problems with mental health and social problems people face the world would be a better and more positive place to live.

Causes and Prevention of Poor Health Essay

In many countries, especially the United States, behaviors leading to poor health start early in life. The three â€Å"leading causes of preventable death in the United States are smoking, obesity, and alcohol abuse† (Science Daily, 2006). Along with these problems, â€Å"a lack of exercise, drug abuse, and sexually transmitted diseases were prominent in young adults† (Science Daily, 2006). Some reasons for these problems are children and young adults spending more time inside playing video games and watching television instead of going outside to play or to participate in a sport. Often young adults are left to take care of themselves after school and during the summer vacation, and their diets tend to suffer. Smoking, alcohol use, and drug use are all glorified in movies and on television, and some young people feel that they need to copy those actions to make themselves â€Å"cool† in the eyes of others. Insufficient sexual education at home and at school contributes to disease and unwanted pregnancy. To change these behaviors, more must be done to teach children to take care of their bodies. Even a small child can be taught to enjoy good foods, at the very least in school lunches, and can be taught that playing is more fun than watching television. Because some children live in areas where outside play is limited, schools and non profit organizations should step in and offer plenty of physical education and after school activities. After school activities and school vacation programs can also help with the drug, alcohol, and smoking problems. Having good role models demonstrate clean lifestyles and teach the dangers of harmful activities may cause some children to never start them. Finally, sex education must be provided in some form before children feel the urges to become sexually active. Programs that teach young people how difficult it is to care for a child and how devastating a sexually transmitted disease can be, and in some cases how deadly they can be, need to start early and be carried through all the years of schooling. Children must be made aware of how special their bodies are, and how they can carefully tend to them to make them strong, healthy, and last for a long time. The earlier they can be taught this, the less poor health there will be in the United States.

Organisational structure of big bazaar Essay

The retail sector in India can broadly be classified as organized and unorganized where the share of unorganized sector is more than 93% of the total and includes the kirana stores, mom and pop stores and the ilk. The organized or modern retail sector on the other hand captures a mere 7% of the total market share. Modern retail is defined as a form of retailing whereby consumers can buy goods from a similar purchase environment across more than one physical location and operates under three levels: Specialist stores catering to some particular category of product such as footwear, pharma & beauty, food and grocery etc. – classified under level I. Departmental stores that cater to a few categories of retail put under level II, and malls where we find an agglomeration of many departmental stores, hypermarkets etc – classified under level III retail. ABSTRACT The growing number of modern retail outlets in India on the one hand and frequent sale seasons and talks of underperformance on the other point to a mixed bag and make us wonder whether the sector is on the right growth trajectory. In this report, rather than providing with just the facts, we have tried to understand the modern retail sector from an economist’s point of view and visualize its future-whether it is in its expansion or contraction phase. Motivated by the rising per-capita incomes and increased  spending on consumer goods, modern retail stores are coming up with new strategies and plans to unlock the Pandora box of the untapped and unorganized retail sector. In the course of the report, we try to find out – how the retail sector works, major regulations that affect its functioning and the challenges that await the sector and summarize with our analysis and recommendations. Note: We have used where we’ve analyzed the situation from a micro-economic point of view. INTRODUCTION The retail sector in India can broadly be classified as organized and unorganized where the share of unorganized sector is more than 93% of the total and includes the kirana stores, mom and pop stores and the ilk. The organized or modern retail sector on the other hand captures a mere 7% of the total market share. Modern retail is defined as a form of retailing whereby consumers can buy goods from a similar purchase environment across more than one physical location and operates under three levels: Specialist stores catering to some particular category of product such as footwear, pharma & beauty, food and grocery etc. – classified under level I. Departmental stores that cater to a few categories of retail put under level II, and malls where we find an agglomeration of many departmental stores, hypermarkets etc – classified under level III retail.

Multiple choice question and 3 short answered question Term Paper

Multiple choice question and 3 short answered question - Term Paper Example The law of demand states that for a rise (fall) in price, ceteris paribus, the quantity demanded of a good will fall (rise). The instances we saw were changes in factors that determine the quantity demanded at each price, or the demand. Changes in these factors causes changes in demand, while changes in price causes changes in quantity demanded. A change in quantity demanded for every given price constitutes a change in demand. Thus the instances discussed above are not about exhibitions of the law of demand. Rather, they exhibit the effects that changes in factors that influence demands have on quantity demanded at every price. THIS QUESTION DOES NOT MAKE SENSE. IS IT A RISE IN THE PRICE OF RIVAL CARS? OR CARS MANUFACTURED IN OTHER COUNTRIES? AN INCREASE IN THE PRICE OF CARS IN THE FRAMEWORK CONSIDERED IMPLIES AN INCREASE IN THE PRICE OF CARS IN EQUILIBRIUM AND THAT IS TYPICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN DEMANDS OR A FALL IN SUPPLY CAUSED BY SOME UNDERLYING CHANGES IN FACTORS THAT AFFECT THESE LIKE INCOMES OR PRICE OF INPUTS ETC. The effects are unclear until we know how these manufacturing plants were related to the Australian cars. If they produced substitutes for markets where the Australian car makers also compete, then the demand for Australian cars will increase. The effect will be similar to case a) shown above. If however these are unrelated, then there will be no effects at all and the equilibrium point will remain unchanged. There are two potential effects on the supply. First, introduction of robotics may lead to increase in costs per unit. However, the labour that the robots replace will lead to savings on labour costs. Secondly, there will be an increase in efficiency that will lead to a reduction in costs. Thus on the net it is likely that the per unit costs of production will go down. In that case for every price a higher amount of supply

The development of Art Deco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The development of Art Deco - Essay Example According to a website, Oaktown Art, â€Å"Art Deco was an international design movement popular in the 1920†²s and 30†²s, focused on themes of luxury, technology, modernization, and craftsmanship† . Art deco can be termed as an art movement that originated from Paris and within a span of very short time, it spread to both European and American regions. Art deco was basically an outcome of the earlier Art Nouveau movement . That movement was facing popularity decline by the end of the nineteenth century and some new modifications appeared necessary to keep art growing and flourishing. That was the reason why artists felt the need of adding some new themes to existing art. The modifications gained a level of acceptance and fame and within no time, art deco became one of the main trends related to the world of art. Art deco is similar to its previous form, Art Nouveau, in a sense that it also focuses on the significance of artisan craftsmanship. Art deco kept the same theme of Art Nouveau featuring curves, arcs, and natural motifs of flora and fauna . Although Art Deco has many features similar to Art Nouveau, but it is known as a modern form of art blended with the use of attractive colors schemes and sharps lines and edges. French artists are considered as the founders of Art Deco because they were the ones who started giving a new shape and look to exiting objects. The aim was to renovate the existing objects and make them, more attractive and appealing as compared to before. French artists are also known.

The European single market crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The European single market crisis - Essay Example This essay entails of the factors that the Europe focuses to use in making positive changes stimulate economic growth. It outlines the various approaches that the country seeks to use in economic recovery process, asserting relative data sources and the theoretical perspective on the data’s view. The country’s policies propelled tremendous economic growth since the year 2009, with a relative increase in GDP. The highest marginal implication on the GDP was an overall increase by 3% throughout the years of 2009-2011. This was possible despite the many challenges that the state suffered after implementing the single market, which affected economic integrations. B Balassa encouraged the implementation of single markets with arguments that it would help the country achieve monetary union in the globe. They argued that single markets would help eliminate most of the barriers though this was not possible with the free movement of goods, services, people, and even capital (Bald win and Wyplosz, 2009: 256). As the European states aim at improving on their financial capacities, some of the main objectives laid down help in strategizing plans for the progress of the economy (Nello, 2009: 219). The stability of the euro is necessary to help build confidence to other states in trade transactions. The issue of maintaining the tax rates for enabling the prices of commodities to suit the consumer financial ability. Tax increase results to an increase in production costs and thereby increasing the commodities cost. This in return increases the living costs and demands for increases in salaries by the consumers. Another issue lies on creating an internal market for local commodities by laying import regulations within the region. This helps solve the cross border conflicts and increases efficiency of financial institutions between the regions (Piggott and Cook, 2006: 76). The crisis in the formation of single markets Through the integration of European countries, af ter periods of World War II between America and Europe has helped calm the economic crisis. Many economic treaties enacted helped improve on economic performance and to strengthen competition between the regions to help increase the quality competence of products from the two regions (Craig and Elliott, 2009: 209). The European Union also passed several acts in their agreement and gave directions on financial expenditures towards developing the rural areas and developing reliable energy production, which would majorly boost on the emergence of new industries increasing the economic activities in the region. Through the cohesion between the two regions, the internal market developed competence in the global market and thereby this ensured that the economy was strong even after the crisis (Cini and Borraga, 2010: 164). The European single market was at efforts to pursue single currency for all the member states and aimed at getting involved in international trades as one joint unit. T hey believed that such effort would help increase the trade area, reduce operational costs, and implement similar economic policies across al the union states. They had similar tariffs and quota systems with outside states but free trade within member states. They faced challenges on standardization of qualities and regulations and specifications for production. The lag by the union states in

Common law and equity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Common law and equity - Essay Example Equity was developed in order to overcome the inadequacies of common law. Equitable remedies are available in a number of areas where common law is either incapable of providing justice or is not faultless in providing justice to the individuals. The main purpose of equity jurisdiction is to support the existing laws. Equity was developed to propose principles that are either ignored by common law or not formally accepted in that set of law. Moreover, equity proposes certain remedies that are unavailable in common law. In certain circumstance, common law decisions or remedies are insufficient to provide justice to the innocent (Hudson, 2009). For instance, in the matters involving mortgages, where the lenders are to a piece of land as a security of the loan granted, the principles in equity and common law greatly distinguish from each other. Let’s assume that Angelina grants a loan of $5,000 to Joseph, after considering a piece of land as a security that worth $8,000. Accordin g to the contract, the land in question would be legally transferred on the name of the lender (Angelina), on the terms that she would retransfer the land on Josephs name if he repays the loan in the specified time. If Joseph fails to repay the loan in the specified time, common law gives no entitlement to Joseph for the land that was conveyed and the duty to repay the loan still exists. However, equity practices such situations in a different and more reasonable manner. According to the rules of equity, Joseph would be given another chance to repay the loan in a new specified time. If Joseph still fails to repay, the land which was let for security will be sold and the loan will be repaid. The additional amount would be given to Joseph as it belongs to him. It is not just the matters of mortgages where equity provides a more reasonable and just decision but it also works better in many other areas. Equity and common law are not only different in terms of laws and